![]() Soon after, The Spanish began colonisation of Colombia founding Santa Marta in 1525, followed by Cartagena in 1533, the New Kingdom of Granada in 1535, and Cali in 1536. Historically, the Spanish, having begun their colonisation of the Caribbean, expanded their empire onto the continental mainland at the start of the 1500s. The country is bordered by Panama, which divides the two bodies of water, on the northwest, Venezuela and Brazil on the east, and Peru and Ecuador on the south (Garavito, 2022). The coast to the north is the Caribbean Sea and the coast to the west is the Pacific Ocean. The Republic of Colombia is located in the northwestern part of South America. Under-5 mortality rate: 13.2‰ Colombia at a glance ![]()
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